Dừa Xiêm Đỏ là một loại dừa đặc sản của Việt Nam, được trồng phổ biến ở các tỉnh miền Tây Nam Bộ. Loại dừa này có đặc điểm nổi bật là quả có màu đỏ cam, nước dừa ngọt thanh và thơm lừng.
Hãy cùng Vườn Hàn Phong khám phá về loại dừa xiêm lùn đỏ trong bài viết này nhé
Cây Dừa Xiêm Đỏ Bến Tre
Dừa xiêm đỏ là một giống dừa đặc biệt được trồng phổ biến tại Bến Tre, quê hương của cây dừa. Dừa xiêm đỏ có nguồn gốc từ Malaysia, được du nhập vào Việt Nam từ những năm 1990 và nhanh chóng được người dân ưa chuộng.
Dừa xiêm đỏ có thân nhỏ, lá xanh mướt. Điểm đặc biệt của giống dừa này là quả có màu đỏ tươi, khi chín có màu đỏ rực như lửa. Quả Dừa xiêm Malaysia thường to hơn dừa xiêm thường, có vị ngọt thanh, thơm mát, không giống bất kỳ loại dừa nào khác.
Đặc Điểm của Dừa Xiêm Đỏ
Dừa xiêm đỏ là một giống dừa có quả màu đỏ tươi, dễ dàng nhận biết. Tuy nhiên, không phải giống dừa xiêm lùn đỏ nào cũng có thân lùn. Có những giống dừa xiêm lùn đỏ có thể cao đến 40 mét.
Thuật ngữ “dừa xiêm đỏ lùn” được dùng để chỉ những giống Dừa xiêm Malaysia cho trái sớm, khi thân cây chưa đạt 1 mét. Vì vậy, người trồng dừa xiêm màu đỏ lùn có thể thu hoạch sớm, không cần phải đợi nhiều năm.
Khi mua Dừa xiêm Malaysia, cần lưu ý phân biệt với dừa ẻo đỏ. Dừa ẻo đỏ có quả nhỏ hơn, chỉ chứa khoảng 100-150 ml nước dừa/trái.
Ưu điểm của Dưa Xiêm Lùn Đỏ
- Sai trái: Dừa xiêm Malaysia cho năng suất rất cao, có thể đạt từ 100-150 quả/cây/năm. Những quả dừa đỏ mọng, san sát nhau như chuỗi ngọc, tạo nên vẻ đẹp độc đáo cho cây dừa.
- Nước dừa ngon: Nước Dừa xiêm Malaysia có màu đỏ tươi, hương vị thơm ngon, ngọt thanh, mát lành. Nước dừa xiêm đỏ có tác dụng giải nhiệt, tăng cường sức khỏe.
- Cùi dừa giòn, béo: Cùi dừa xiêm lùn đỏ có màu trắng ngà, giòn, béo, rất thích hợp để ăn tươi hoặc làm bánh kẹo.
- Chống chịu sâu bệnh tốt: Dừa xiêm màu đỏ có khả năng chống chịu sâu bệnh tốt, ít tốn công chăm sóc.
Giá Dừa Xiêm Đỏ?
Tại Việt Nam, giá dừa xiêm đỏ dao động từ 15.000 – 20.000 đồng/quả. Giá dừa xiêm đỏ thường cao hơn vào mùa hè, khi nhu cầu tiêu thụ cao hơn.
Ngoài ra, giá dừa xiêm Malay đỏ cũng phụ thuộc vào loại dừa. Dừa xiêm lùn đỏ nguyên trái thường có giá cao hơn dừa xiêm Bến Tre tách vỏ. Dừa xiêm Malaysia được trồng ở các vùng đất tốt, có chất lượng nước dừa ngon cũng có giá cao hơn.
Kỹ thuật trồng dừa xiêm đỏ Malaysia
Dừa xiêm đỏ Malaysia là một giống dừa có nhiều ưu điểm nổi bật như: sai trái, năng suất cao, cùi dày, béo, nước ngọt thanh, có giá trị kinh tế cao. Dừa xiêm Malaysia có thể trồng được ở nhiều vùng miền khác nhau, nhưng để đạt năng suất cao, cần áp dụng kỹ thuật trồng đúng cách.
Chọn giống
Chọn giống là khâu quan trọng nhất quyết định sự thành công của việc trồng dừa xiêm lùn đỏ. Nhà vườn nên chọn những giống dừa xiêm đỏ đã được trồng thành công ở địa phương, có nguồn gốc rõ ràng, đảm bảo chất lượng.
Chọn trái dừa xiêm đỏ
Trái dừa xiêm đỏ phải già, có màu nâu sẫm, cầm nặng tay, khi thả xuống nước chỉ nổi 1/3 trái. Trái Dừa xiêm Malaysia không bị sâu bệnh, thối rữa, không có vết nứt, vẹo.
Chọn mầm dừa xiêm Malaysia
Mầm dừa xiêm đỏ phải khoẻ mạnh, có màu xanh lá nhạt, thân thẳng, lá mọc đều, không bị sâu bệnh.
Không chọn mầm dừa xiêm lùn đỏ bị vàng lá, đốm lá, quăn lá, tách thân, sâu thân,…
Chuẩn bị đất trồng
Dừa xiêm Malaysia là cây ưa sáng, thích hợp trồng trên đất cát pha, giàu dinh dưỡng, thoát nước tốt. Trước khi trồng cần cày xới đất, bón lót phân hữu cơ, phân chuồng hoai mục, phân lân, phân kali.
Khoảng cách trồng
Khoảng cách trồng dừa xiêm lùn đỏ thích hợp là 5m x 6m. Khoảng cách này giúp cây dừa có đủ không gian phát triển, hạn chế sâu bệnh.
Cách trồng
- Chúng ta cần đào hố trồng có kích thước 60cm x 60cm x 40cm.
- Bón lót phân hữu cơ, phân chuồng hoai mục, phân lân, phân kali vào hố trồng.
- Đặt mầm dừa vào hố trồng, lấp đất xung quanh mầm dừa sao cho mặt đất ngang với gốc dừa.
- Tưới nước đẫm cho mầm dừa.
Chăm sóc
- Tưới nước: Dừa xiêm màu đỏ cần được tưới nước thường xuyên, đặc biệt là trong mùa khô.
- Bón phân: Bón phân cho dừa xiêm lùn đỏ theo định kỳ 3 tháng/lần. Nên bón phân hữu cơ, phân chuồng hoai mục, phân NPK.
- Cắt tỉa: Cắt tỉa cành, lá già, sâu bệnh, tạo tán cho cây dừa phát triển đều.
Phòng trừ sâu bệnh
Dừa xiêm đỏ có khả năng chống chịu sâu bệnh tốt. Tuy nhiên, cần thường xuyên kiểm tra cây dừa để phát hiện và phòng trừ sâu bệnh kịp thời.
Thu hoạch
Dừa xiêm Malaysia bắt đầu cho thu hoạch sau 2,5-3 năm trồng. Năng suất trung bình của dừa xiêm lùn đỏ là 100-150 quả/cây/năm.
Một số lưu ý
- Khi trồng dừa xiêm lùn đỏ, cần chú ý chọn vị trí trồng có đủ ánh sáng, tránh trồng ở nơi râm mát.
- Cần bón phân cân đối, không bón quá nhiều phân đạm sẽ làm cho cây dừa phát triển nhanh nhưng ít trái.
- Thường xuyên kiểm tra cây dừa để phát hiện và phòng trừ sâu bệnh kịp thời.
Lời kết
Với những ưu điểm vượt trội của mình, dừa Xiêm Đỏ hứa hẹn sẽ trở thành một loại cây trồng mang lại giá trị kinh tế cao cho người nông dân, góp phần bảo vệ môi trường và nâng cao đời sống của người dân.
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